Open Fields Doctrine Essay Example for Free

Open Fields Doctrine Essay One of the special cases to the pursuit and seizure law which empowers cops to lead warrantless hunt and seizure procedures, particularly in criminal cases, is the Open Fields Doctrine. Under this tenet, the proprietor of any item discovered of entryways where it could be clearly observed by anyone who is remaining on their foot, from inside any engine vehicle, or from a low-flying airplane, couldn't look for the security insurance under the Fourth Amendment. At the end of the day, regardless of whether a private unit is secured by a fence, the ground inside the fence is as yet thought to be a â€Å"open field† if there are splits in the fence through which anyone can without much of a stretch peep and see objects situated inside the fence. The equivalent is genuine when the fence is low enough for individuals to see plainly inside the fenced-in ground without the need to remain on their toes or on any article so as to have an away from of sight. Considered open fields are boulevards, walkways, any waterways, open air fields, or even the curtilage of a fenced-in private structure insofar as said curtilage could be seen by individuals outside the fence. This convention was set up by the United States Supreme Court in Hester v. US where it decided that the â€Å"Fourth Amendment didn't secure ‘open fields’ and that, hence, police look in such regions as fields, lush zones, vast water, and empty lots† are lawful even without court orders (Cornell University Law School). A curtilage alludes to any region almost a private unit which was encased by the proprietor to shield from general visibility any or all family exercises thought about cozy or private. A curtilage, in this way, is likewise viewed as a person’s home similarly as the Fourth Amendment insurance from ridiculous and irrational hunt and seizure procedures is concerned. In United States v. Dunn, 480 U. S. 294 (1987), the Court decided that before deciding if a region is really a curtilage, four components ought to be thought of: its vicinity to the house; if the house is encased by a fence, regardless of whether, said zone was remembered for the fenced-in zone; whether the territory is really utilized for personal family exercises; and whether the proprietor of the house applied enough endeavors to shield the exercises being led in the zone from general visibility. References Cornell University Law School. FOURTH AMENDMENT SEARCH AND SEIZURE. Recovered June 1, 2010, from http://www. law. cornell. edu/anncon/html/amdt4frag3_user. html USLegal Definitions. Curtilage Law Legal Definition. Recovered June 1, 2010, from http://definitions. uslegal. com/c/curtilage/

The causes and effects of smoking Research Paper - 1

The circumstances and end results of smoking - Research Paper Example Also, it is seen that smoking executes a bigger number of individuals than HIV, liquor, street mishaps, suicides, and different homicides do. Besides, about 90% of lung malignancy passings are because of (Smoking and Tobacco Use). In any case, when the inquiry regarding for what reason do individuals smoke is raised, the appropriate response originates from Hughes (1) that they smoke since they are dependent on nicotine. Another better explained answer originates from Cockerham (4) that individuals keep smoking despite the fact that it gives an upsetting sensation in the first place since individuals figure out how to smoke by having different people decipher the experience for them and show them how to appreciate the attractive sensation overlooking the bothersome. It appears that individuals get the hang of smoking as a social movement, and it regularly starts in peer gatherings. It ordinarily takes birth in youthful gatherings who are almost certain to copy grown-ups to look develop. It is frequently utilized as a weapon to intrigue others. Be that as it may, at some point or another, they begin smoking in any event, when they are distant from everyone else, and build up their reliance on nicotine. In a meeting with Gilchrist (How Best to Quit Smoking: Interview with Dr. Randy Gilchrist), he called attention to that individuals keep on smoking in any event, when they realize that their wellbeing is dissolving on the grounds that for the smokers, the smoking propensity is associated with their numerous regular exercises and passionate states. A significant number of these exercises go about as the triggers to smoke, and in his words, for them, cigarette is something like a ‘reliable old companion that offers unwinding, comfort and focus’ (How best to stop smoking, Interview with Dr. Randy Gilchrist). As indicated by Butler and Hope (362), there are seven reasons that can be brought up at this point. The first is that a few people feel great utilizing cigarette. It may be the inclination of social acknowledgment. As indicated by some others it is the most ideal path for unwinding. One more classification is attached to the flavor of cigarettes. Another crucial disclosure is that cigarette offers

How to Quit an Addiction Advice on Stopping

How to Quit an Addiction Advice on Stopping Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print How Quitting an Addiction Can Be Challenging By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 27, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 25, 2019 Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Youve recognized you have a problemâ€"that your addictive behavior is affecting other parts of your lifeâ€"and you want to know how to quit an addiction. The chances are that you didnt expect to become addicted when you started. You may have thought you were just having fun and could quit at any time. Many people who develop addictions are surprised at how difficult they find their first attempt at quitting, and end up wondering, Why cant I quit? The good news is that you can quit, although it is a complicated process.  There are many factors, physical, mental, and emotional, that make quitting difficult.?? This is why so many people find treatment helps to guide them through the complex process of quitting â€" although many people are successful quitting on their own. Understanding why quitting is so difficult can help you see that everyone overcoming an addiction goes through the same process to some extent. It is not that you are especially weak-willed or that you are failing any more than anyone else. When you find yourself thinking, feeling, or acting in a particular way that goes against your decision to quit, you can be more compassionate with yourself, and keep trying. Tolerance Tolerance and withdrawal are key factors that contribute to addiction. They are strongly interconnected and are the main processes that got you addicted in the first place.?? If people didnt develop tolerance and withdrawal, they would probably find it a lot easier to quit. Tolerance is a physical and psychological process. When you experience an addictive substance or behavior the first time, it may be overwhelming, unpleasant even, or it may be mild and pleasurable. If the effect feels strong, you may feel there is no danger of you wanting to overdo it. If it is mild, it may seem harmless and innocent. The more times the behavior is repeated, the less sensitivity you have to it, and the more you need to get the same effect. Drugs, such as alcohol and opiates, work on specific parts of the brain, creating physical tolerance. Behaviors, such as sex and gambling, produce feelings of excitement that get less intense over time.?? As tolerance develops, you may want to do more of the drug or behavior to get the same effect. Withdrawal As you become addicted, you may experience withdrawal when you arent able to do the addictive behavior. Physical withdrawal symptoms may occur, such as shaking, feeling unwell, stomach upsets, and/or psychological withdrawal symptoms, such as feeling anxious and depressed. These are easily fixed by more of the addictive substance or behavior. Physical withdrawal from alcohol and drugs although variable and often resolves over a period of several days. However, it tends to be quite unpleasant and it can be dangerous. If you decide to quit, it is best done under medical supervision.?? Discuss physical withdrawal with your doctor for the best way to approach this. Once you have been through withdrawal, there are deeper psychological processes that make it difficult to stay on the wagon. Blocks to Quitting: Conflict and Ambivalence When your addictive behavior becomes excessive to the point of creating conflict, it is out of balance with other parts of your life. Conflict may occur within yourself â€" you want to rein in your behavior while, at the same time, have greater urges to do it. Conflicts also occur with other people: whether they want you to quit or want you to join them in the addictive behavior. Despite making a commitment to quit, and going through the withdrawal phase, conflicts do not simply go away. Expectations are higher than ever before. The one thing you depended on to cope with stressâ€"the addictive behaviorâ€"is now off-limits. This is why it is so important to have other ways of coping firmly established, ideally before quitting. A therapist will help you with this. Without coping strategies in place, you are likely to experience strong urges to go back to the addictive behavior one more time. Relationship support can help you deal with and avoid conflicts without using your addictive behavior for comfort and escape. Ambivalence, the mixed feelings of both wanting to continue with the addictive behavior and wanting to quit, is part of the addictive process even in the early stages of experimentation.?? Often, this is felt in terms of right and wrong, a moral dilemma, especially in relation to sexual and illegal behaviors. In some cases, guilt feelings are appropriate; in others, they are not. Guilt and Justification The discomfort of these feelings of guilt when your behavior doesnt fit with your own standards of right and wrong can be a strong motivator to make changes. Sometimes it can work against you, causing you to justify your behavior to yourself and other people. This can get in the way of the decision to quit.?? Some common justifications are: Denial:  Its not a problem.Minimization:  I have already cut down.Comparisons:  Pollution is more dangerous. Uncle Ted drinks far more than I do.Defiance:  I would rather live a shorter life and be happy than quit and be miserable.Rationalization:  Ive never stolen to finance my habit, I am way more sociable when Ive had a drink.Lesser of Two Evils:  Better I do it than I be impossible to live with.Misinformation:  Cancer doesnt run in my family. It has medicinal uses, so its OK. Chocolate is the only cure for PMS.Taking Behavior out of Context:  In some cultures, polygamy is acceptable.Glorification:  Queen Victoria used to… Patriarchs in the Old Testament had many wives. Jesus drank wine. How Can You Quit? Therapy can help you to cope with uncomfortable feelings and help you unravel the irrational thoughts that keep you addicted. Quitting is not easy or straightforward, but a good treatment program will help you achieve it when you are ready.?? If you are ready to quit, talk to your doctor or call the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) hotline at 1-800-662-4357 or use their online treatment locator to find services in your area. The Best Online Therapy Programs

The Most Widespread College Application Blunders

So, you’ve got a college application to write, you have a clearly written prompt before your eyes, but all you do for the last couple of hours is write a sentence, shake your head, delete it, try to approach the topic from another direction, delete it, and so on? You have a vague understanding of what is expected from you, but the moment you start putting it into words you feel that it just isn’t right. However, the trick is not so much to know what to do but to know what not to do. Let’s help you with this one. What You Should Avoid in Your Application Essay Don’t let yourself drift from one thing to another. Fairly often the topic you get for your essay is fairly vague: â€Å"Experience that was important for your personal development†, â€Å"The most memorable experience of your life†, this kind of thing. It is, actually, a good thing, because it allows you to choose whatever you can write well about. A lot of people, however, feel disoriented and cannot settle on anything particular; as a result, the essay turns out jumbled, messy, disorderly – they try to cram all they can think of into it without any concern for general idea, unity of thought and so on. Remember – you only have a limited number of words at your disposal, so you should make everything as clear-cut and concise as possible. Choose one thing and write about it. Don’t pretend. You know what feels like a breath of fresh air when you read an application essay? When somebody is being sincere – it is a wonderful change from all these students who drivel about how much they love humanity, want to help people, hope that studying in this college will give them an opportunity to make the world a better place and so on. In addition to tasting like diabetes, it also immediately feels false. You should probably avoid writing about it even if it is your goal in life – the committee have seen it so many times that they’re probably just going to roll their eyes in exasperation anyway. Don’t be too down-to-earth. Both you and the committee know that you want to attend a more prestigious college to get a degree, land a better job and earn more money. It goes without saying. But saying that it is the sole purpose of your application is sure to put some people off; so don’t focus on it. Your love of learning, enthusiasm for the subject and suchlike should come into picture as well. Be Yourself Or as close to it as possible. Don’t write what you think they want you to write – thus you’ll end up writing what 90% of applicants write.

Justice Is One Of Four Cardinal Platonic Virtues Essay

Justice is one of four cardinal Platonic virtues. These virtues are said to be good by nature, and so they must be ideals that all individuals strive to demonstrate in their lives. In The Republic, Plato (through Socrates) attempts to find the definition of Justice through dialogue with his colleagues. One of his colleagues Thrasymachus proclaims that: â€Å"Justice is in the interest of the stronger.† (338c) In other words, rulers make laws from which only they reap the benefits of. Fortunately, this dark view of Justice was not the only perspective provided in The Republic. Cephalus, Polemarchus, Glaucon, and Adeimantus all offered their own unique interpretations of the word Justice and what it meant to them. Cephalus defines Justice as â€Å"rendering to each what belongs to each and being honest.† (331c) Polemarchus views Justice as â€Å"dedication to the common good whereby we help friends and harm enemies† (333d-336a). Glaucon believes that Justice is â⠂¬Å"a legally enforced compromise between doing injustice to others and having injustice done unto oneself† (359a-359b). Lastly, Adeimantus says Justice and goodness are always discussed in terms of what they provide you with in life, and how seeming to be just or good, instead of actually being those things, is all that matters. The essence of this paper is to form a rebuttal against Thrasymarchus’ view that ‘might makes right’ by use of these four perspectives Plato provides us with. The idea that Justice is ideally for the stronger isShow MoreRelatedComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1464 Words   |  6 Pagesmakes up this intelligible world, which is the world of reality. The intelligible world contains the eternal Forms of things; the visible world is the imperfect and changing manifestation in this world of these unchanging forms.(Plato) Virtue Virtue can indeed be taught, not merely by words, but in and through a vision of the exemplary acts of its bearers. (Plato) God God is an intangible, impersonal entity that encompasses and is the precondition for all ideas, all realityRead MoreComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1473 Words   |  6 Pagesmathematics, makes up this intelligible world, which is the world of reality. The intelligible world contains the eternal Forms of things; the visible world is the imperfect and changing manifestation in this world of these unchanging forms.(Plato) Virtue Virtue can indeed be taught, not merely by words, but in and through a vision of the exemplary acts of its bearers. (Plato) God God is an intangible, impersonal entity that encompasses and is the precondition for all ideas, all reality, allRead MorePlato s Theory Of Love1789 Words   |  8 Pagesis neither beautiful nor good because it is the desire to possess what is beautiful, and that one cannot desire that of which is already possessed. The ultimate/primary objective of love as being related to an absolute form of beauty that is held to be identical to what is good is debated throughout the dialogue, and Diotima expands on this description of love as being a pursuit of beauty (by which one can attain the goal of love) that culminates in an understanding of the form of beauty. The purposeRead MoreSocratess Theory Of Love1818 Words   |  8 Pagesneither beautiful nor good because it is the desire to possess what is beautiful, and that one cannot desire that of which is already possessed (Plato, 2014). The ultimate/primary objective of love as being related to an absolute form of beauty that is held to be identical to what is good is debated throughout the dialogue, and D iotima expands on this description of love as being a pursuit of beauty (by which one can attain the goal of love) that culminates in an understanding of the form of beauty (DorterRead MoreCompare and Contrast Plato and Aristotle on Well-Being6148 Words   |  25 Pagesfulfillment. In the Nichomachean ethics, Aristotles main aim is to provide a description of what this so-called happiness actually is, and how we can go about our day to day lives in order to achieve the best life that we possibly can. He begins book one with what philosophers call a Teleological conception of life. That is, everything we do is aiming at some end: every art and every investigation, and similarly every action and pursuit, is considered to aim at some good. Hence the good has beenRead MoreEntertainment Media Ethics : Music And Music Videos8248 Words   |  33 PagesENTERTAINMENT MEDIA ETHICS: MUSIC AND MUSIC VIDEOS SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION Music is an important part of life. Its role as a form of art and entertainment is a significant one but more important is that it serves to reflect and reinforce societal norms and values. It is not only used to entertain but also serves as a form of social commentary (Baran, 2009). For instance, the emergence of Rhythm and Blues (RB) in America after the Second World War was a means of advancing the black race and itRead More Aristotelian Ethics and its Context Essay6933 Words   |  28 Pages(upon which tradition Aristotle drew in formulating his ethics) but that it is an understanding which is operative here and now in the modern complexly pluralistic, technologically-driven, mega-state known as the American Republic: but this fact is one of which we (we academics, we intellectuals in particular) are unaware. In a word, I suggest that increasingly for us (as for republican antiquity) ethics expresses itself as politics, by which I emphatically do not mean ethics is ideological p oliticsRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pageswhich can be applied in business. The jewish tradition and the Christian tradition refer to religious ethical teaching as the ten commandments which are believed to have been divinely revealed as the will of God. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS: These are one of the earliest recorded codes of conduct as found in the Bible. The ethical commands in this are: †¢ Honour our father and your mother, that you may have a long life in the land which the lord, your God, is giving you. †¢ You shall notRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 PagesPicatrix (see I.P.Couliano, Eros and Magic in the Renaissance, University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 118). The Picatrix is mentioned by Johannes Trithemius in Book 2 of his notorious Steganographia (1500) and in his Antipalus Maleficiorum (c. 1500). One copy (British Library, Sloane manuscript 3679) passed down from Simon Forman (d. 1611) to Richard Napier (d. 1634) to Elias Ashmole (d. 1692) to William Lilly (d. 1681). E.M. Butler wrongly associates it with Gio. Peccatrix, (no doubt a pseudonym) whoRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesthe concepts and terms of semiotics. Excepting the inadequate translation of a few words which either cannot be translated into English or only approximately translated, few semantic and stylistic improvements are needed and the translation does justice to Metz s text. In some instances, usage did not adopt Michael Taylor s solution. The most glaring example of his innovative translation is the word significate now usually translated by signified (signifià © in French)—which is used throughout

Rampant Child Labor Free Essays

â€Å"The children are the future of our nation.† This famous line of Dr. Jose Rizal has gained prominence especially among policy makers in their quest to develop and implement laws and programs that will propel the total development of a nation’s millions of children. We will write a custom essay sample on Rampant Child Labor or any similar topic only for you Order Now I personally agree with Rizal’s vision since each child is a potential contributor in the improvement of society. A child may seem insignificant in determining the status or condition of a society, but collectively it is a major determinant in a society’s progress. Unfortunately, in the Philippines, street children are victims of trafficking for illegal employment and prostitution. This is due to the poverty, hunger and abuse which a street child experiences at an early age. Street children become more susceptible to these illegal treatments because of the lack of education and awareness toward their society, environment and human rights. As a result, they tend to disregard education and start working at an early age to be able to help themselves as well as their family financially. Child labor is the illegal employment of children below the age of 15, where they are not directly under the sole responsibility of their parents or legal guardians. Furthermore, the child’s work endangers their life, safety, health and morals or it hinders them from schooling. It also includes the situation of children below the age of 18 who are employed in hazardous occupations. In the 1997 Asian consultation on Child Labor, representatives of government and non-government organizations, as well as the child workers themselves tallied the most intolerable forms of child labor. These include the following: prostitution of children and similar work in the entertainment industry, children used as soldiers, mining and quarrying, construction work, deep-sea fishing, smuggling of illegal substances, scavenging and pyrotechnics. The negative impact of child labor often causes irreparable damage to the child’s physical and psychological development. Children who start working at an early age most likely suffer from respiratory diseases, deaths, poor nutrition, physical health hazards, sexually transmitted disease and anti-social behavior. In addition, they tremendously reduce educational opportunities, which later leads to dropping-out and illiteracy. Since they have abandoned their educational responsibilities, it is difficult for them to stop working. Today, because of the increase in child labor, the basic minimum age of employment in the Philippines is contained in Republic Act 7658. The minimum age of employment for hazardous is contained in the Labor Code. These two laws are complemented by other national laws containing some provisions. Since 1988, the Government of the Philippines, in partnership with UNICEF among others, has established programs for child labor which seeks to abolish exploitative child labor and provide protection, healing and recovery for child workers. We, students who receive adequate education can help in reducing child labor through many means. We could teach young children about the value of education since they will understand us better because we are basically the same age. For instance, in child-to-child projects, we can try to build a child’s self-esteem and self-worth. We could also help generate income for poor families and organizations. Furthermore, by simply taking care of our environment which includes households, school grounds, or our community, we are helping by giving children a healthier atmosphere for growing up. This would reduce sickness and reflect on our physical outlook. These are just some of the many simple ways wherein we could help street children uplift their living condition. How to cite Rampant Child Labor, Papers

The Role of HR in Future and Amazon Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of HR in Future and Amazon. Answer: Introduction The four articles are The Role of HR in Future, Amazon to Hire 50,000 Workers in a Single Day, Total Employment in Singapore Continues to Decline and Singapore HR power profiles on LinkedIn (https://www.hrmasia.com/). Out of these four articles the two that have been selected are The Role of HR in Future and Amazon to Hire 50,000 Workers in a Single Day, (https://www.hrmasia.com/) this report will discuss about these two articles briefly and then further it will discuss about the functions of HR on the basis of these articles. It will talk about the trends in human resource management, career development, benefits of the employs and the relationship between them. The Role of HR in Future This article talks about the dynamic future of the Human Resource job and how it evolved over the years. In the article the mainly talks about the role of the HR and how it is on the hand of HR to create a future of the Company they are in. There are many companiess who has already started using H.R in diverse plans. This article talks about the training and development of the HR. The growth rate HRs in a company is very high. In this particular article it says that how the HR holds the entire future of a company (Gatewood, Feild Barrick, 2015). The entire development of the company rests on the hand of the HR. In this article it says that from the viewpoint of the HR matters the most in the Company. This article says that there should be an undersized HR departments and the focal point should be more on the technology. In context of development in this article, now a days HR has started to self educate them. In Respect to Training and Development There are many functions of an HR ad the most important one is developing and training. In order to develop a company an HR should have appropriate data and knowledge about the company and also the type of candidate the company needs in order (Messersmith Wales, 2013). HR is one of the most respected jobs and is considered to be the backbone of the company, starting from recruiting people to understanding the rules of the company and act according to it (Knowles, Holton Swanson 2014). These articles talks about the out how many organizations have started appreciating and accepting the worth of HR and how this post is respected. This article primarily talks about the future role of the HR and how the sustainability of this role will increase and have more value in the long run. Therefore this mainly talks about how this profession should rise and learn more about the data analysis in respect to business strategy (Renwick, Redman Maguire, 2013). Amazon to Hire 50,000 Workers in a Single Day In this article it talks about how Amazon had planned to hire 50,000 employees. In this article the main HR functions that falls is HR planning. If Amazon is recruiting 50,000 people that mean that the HR of the company has a big plan for the company in order to expand the company. It will increase the companys sale as well. Amazon is giving both full-time positions and part-time works. This is a smart move as this will attract more employees as per their convenience. In Respect to HR Planning Human Resource planning is a procedure where the requirement of a strategic thinking is very necessary (Storey, 2014). It is not an easy task to hire 50,000 at once and the pressure completely falls on the HR, as it is their job to recruit people and interview them, train them according to the companys requirement (Purce, 2014). These planning for hiring require certain objectives i.e. that are an assessment of planning, the elasticity of the requirements, the design of the recruitment strategy; analyses of the employee maintenance issues, and the criteria to carry the recruitment planning. The process of recruitment could be both inside and outside and even online recruiting. In this article Amazon is recruiting 50,000 candidates and therefore it is impossible for them to take all the interviews inside the office, and as Amazon is a multi-national company therefore it has people from all over the world. Thereafter there will be interviews which will be taken online, it has a lot of planning, including advertisement of the company, job application process, decision making, assessment and a lot more. HR planning is a practical approach which is done with a lot of thinking and talking with the authorities. These kind of need a lot of pre-planning and discussion. This article also falls under Training and Career development as it helps to promote a lot of people and help them grow. The HRs work is not only recruiting but also making sure that they are doing their job and maintaining the rules and regulation of the company. In any big company no big decision is taken without the HRs point of view. The hiring of 50,000 people helps the development and growth of the company and also the gives them training. The HR planning needs functional flexibility that borders the ability of employees to become skilled. Another important criterion that falls under this function is the numerical flexibility, which manages the overall count. They also have to think about the moneta ry factor, that how much salary is expected and they keep a record of the market value. Todays competitive job market, screening the best candidates is a crucial job, therefore specific tests has been made, for example knowledge test, ability test. There are other criterias like experience of the candidate, their knowledge about the specific company and the work (Aswathappa, 2013). Conclusion Various organizations are going through major environmental change. In both the above articles, it talks about the major responsibility of the HR function. The globalization and the advancement of technology have shared some of the responsibility of the HR but in response there is a huge change. Human Resource managers, manages the planning of the recruitment the development and training criteria and many more. HR work is an remote process but is correlated with strategic business of the companies and organizations. The whole framework of a company is done by an HR and earlier this specific work did not had a name or recognition but it is one of the most respectable job. References Aswathappa, K. (2013).Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Gatewood, R., Feild, H. S., Barrick, M. (2015).Human resource selection. Nelson Education. Knowles, M. S., Holton III, E. F., Swanson, R. A. (2014).The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development. Routledge. Messersmith, J. G., Wales, W. J. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in young firms: The role of human resource management.International Small Business Journal,31(2), 115-136.. Purce, J. (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Renwick, D. W., Redman, T., Maguire, S. (2013). Green human resource management: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), 1-14. Storey, J. (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.

Steel War Essay Example

Steel War Essay Domestic steel firms and the United Steelworkers of America (the steelworkers union) have called this a battle for the future of American steel. It Is a battle that pits many competing domestic and foreign groups against one another: domestic versus foreign steel firms; U. S. Versus foreign governments; as well as steel- producing versus steel-consuming domestic firms. Recent Events In the U. S. Steel Market Exalt 1 and Exhibit 2 show domestic shipments and foreign Imports of steel In the U. S. Market, while Exhibit 3 shows U. S. Employment In the steel Industry. Exhibit 1 totes that steel imports spiked in mid-1998 as a result of worldwide overcapacity during the Asian economic crisis. Exhibits 2 and 3 indicate that steel employment has been falling steadily since the early 1 sass; however, domestic steel shipments have been slowly trending upward. This dichotomy is explained by improving productivity in the Industry. Both domestic shipments and Imports fell In 2001 as a result of sluggish domestic demand during the 2001 recession; however, Imports as a share of total U. S. Apparent supply fell from 22. 3 percent in 2000 to 20. 2 percent in 2001. In mineral, the import share of new supply has remained fairly stable throughout the asses, and actually fell in 2001 relative to recent trend. Thus, although steel production has been hurt by the fall in domestic demand, there has been no recent surge in Imports. U. S. Steel producers point to declines in employment In steel- producing Industries as the reason for the need for Import protection. Recent percent of American steel-producing capacity have filed 02004 by the Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University. This case was prepared by Professors Anvil AY-Ninjas and Sandmen Baling and research assistant Chris Forman 02. We will write a custom essay sample on Steel War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Steel War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Steel War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 800-545-7685 (or 617-783-7600 outside the United States or Canada) or e-mail [emailprotected] Harvard. Du. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means?electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise?without the permission of the Kellogg School of Management. These behemoths use the rotational combination of blast furnaces, coke ovens, and oxygen furnaces to produce steel from iron ore, coal, and limestone. These firms are famous for large, bureaucratic organizations and highly unionized workforces. Exhibit 4 shows that the cost per ton of these companies remains much higher than their competitors costs. Moreover, the integrated producers are burdened with ruinous legacy costs?the future healthcare and pension benefits steel companies have promised their workforces. Their capacity has fallen to about 60 million tons of capacity from 145 million tons 20 years ago. In contrast, the recent performance of the smaller, younger U. S. Mint-mills has been better. These mint-mills have grown rapidly since they were first introduced in the mid-asses, and in 1999 accounted for roughly 45 percent of U. S. Carbon-steel capacity. These plants are much more efficient than those of the integrated producers; production costs are a fraction of those of the integrated firms. Their workforce is also much smaller than that of the integrated mills?they employ only about 30,000 workers, compared to the roughly 105,000 employed by the integrated producers. Moreover, because these firms produce new tell from used steel, they are relatively insulated from gyrations in the price of steel. Drops in the steel prices impact revenues, but lower steel costs as well. Section 201 Filing injured or threatened with serious injury by increased imports may petition the TIC for import relief. The TIC determines whether the product in question is being imported in sufficient quantities to be a substantial cause of serious injury to the domestic industry. If the commission agrees that the domestic industry is threatened by imports, it makes a recommendation to the president that would permit remedy of he injury and help aid industry adjustment to the import competition. Such recommendations may involve, for example, an increase in duties, imposition of a quota, imposition of a tariff-rate quota, or other trade adjustment assistance. Section 201 does not require the finding of unfair trade practices against foreign firms. However, the commission does require a high standard to find in favor of domestic industry, because it requires that the injury be serious and also that imports be a substantial cause of the serious injury. 2 While it is rare for the JUST to initiate a Section 201 investigation, it is not unprecedented. The JUST made prior requests against apple Juice imports in 1985, stainless steel in 1982, and mushrooms in 1976. Section 201 investigations are not country-specific, and so affect all importers. The commissions findings and remedy recommendations must be forwarded to the president within 180 days of receipt of the request from the JUST. 2 Robert Crandall, Whistling Past Big Steels Graveyard, opinion piece, Wall Street Journal, March 19, 1999. The commission defines substantial cause to mean important and not less than any other cause. KELLOGG SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT Arguments Against Import Controls Perhaps the simplest argument against protecting the steel industry is that such policies undermine the global free trade system that the United States has tried to build. Europe is furious over the potential implications of a Section 201 finding. More than a third of its $4 billion in steel exports is at risk. Moreover, protection for U. S. Markets would undoubtedly cause Rupees market to be flooded with diverted steel. In addition to the Europeans, the Brazilian, Russians, Japanese, and many others have lined up to oppose the policy. Many worry that the imposition of steel tariffs November 2001) round of global trade talks at risk. Domestic steel-consuming producers are also furious over the prospect of steel tariffs. Firms such as Emerson Electric, Caterpillar Inc. , and Illinois Tool Works Inc. Have strongly opposed a Section 201 remedy. For firms such as Caterpillar, the concerns are twofold. Higher steel prices raise the cost of producing heavy equipment. Moreover, retaliatory tariff strikes from foreign governments may be directed at Caterpillar equipment. Steel importers and dealers would also be hurt by the imposition of tariffs or quotas. Domestic producers have sponsored a number of studies illustrating the potential costs of steel tariffs. One study that has received notable attention was sponsored by the Consuming Industries Trade Action Coalition (ACTA). The ACTA study estimates that steel tariffs would lead to a loss of between 36,200 to 74,200 U. S. Jobs (depending on tariff size), or eight Jobs for every one steel Job protected. 3 Moreover, the ACTA study indicates steel tariffs would do little to save the domestic industry, calculating domestic steel prices would rise Just 0. 2 to 0. 4 percent while shipments rise 2. 9 to 5. 9 recent. The study estimates that proposed tariff remedies would decrease GAP by $0. Billion to $1. 4 billion per year. Other studies criticize steel industry complaints about foreign subsidies. A report by the American Institute for International Steel (ASSS), a domestic trade group of international importers and exporters of steel, lists the subsidies enjoyed by domestic steel producers. One recent example of how American steel is subsidized comes from the Emergency Steel and Oil and Gas G uaranteed Loan Program Act of 1999, which establishes a program of loan guarantees for steel companies that is estimated to cost up to $1 billion. The Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology Competitiveness Act of 1988 provided funding for research and development to increase the competitiveness of steel, at an estimated cost of $155. 4 million. Moreover, many U. S. States provide steel companies with generous incentives to operate in-state. For example, a 1994 Alabama incentive package to Trick Steel Co. Was estimated to cost state taxpayers between $85 million and $112 million. 4 Many economists argue that the biggest danger to domestic integrated steel producers is not foreign steel, but rather U. S. Into-mill producers. As Exhibit 4 shows, U. S. Mint-mill producers are much more efficient than their integrated cousins. Brooking Institute economist Robert Crandall notes that inflation-adjusted steel prices have fallen 40 percent over the last 20 years. He attributes much of this dramatic decline not to foreign steel, but rather to falling input prices and competition from mini-mills. 5 The dramatic declines in steel employment may also be the result 3 Joseph Franà §ois and Laura Bagman, Estimated Effects of Proposed Import Relief Remedies for Steel, study prepared for the Consuming Industries Trade Action Coalition by Trade Partnership Worldwide, LLC, 2001. 4 Robert Matthews, U. S. Steel Industry Itself Gets Billions in Public Subsidies, Study Concludes, Wall Street Journal, November 29, 1999. 5 Robert Crandall, Whistling Past Big Steels Graveyard, The Wall Street Journal, March 3 of mint-mill competition rather than as a result of import competition. For example, when steel quotas were in place from 1984 to 1992, imports as a percentage of new supply fell from 26. 2 percent in 1984 to 17. 2 percent in 1992, while employment in the steel industry over the same period fell by 78,300. Arguments in Favor of Import Controls One common argument for import controls is that foreign governments unfairly subsidize their steel producers, effectively lowering their costs of production. U. S. Steel producers argue that this puts American steel at a competitive disadvantage in the marketplace. The American Iron and Steel Institute (ASSAI) argues that more than $100 billion in subsidies had been gi ven to foreign steel makers between 1980 and 1992. The ASSAI maintains that the European Union (ELI) has approved or acknowledged more than $11 billion in governmental assistance to European producers. Pro-steel economists argue that more than 325,000 U. S. Jobs are at risk if the steel industry is not protected. 7 Experts for the steel industry also dispute the credibility of studies that estimate the impact of higher steel prices on downstream industry producers. Noted MIT economist Jerry Houseman has argued that the ACTA study does not reliably estimate the effects of steel tariffs on the U. S. Economy, arguing that a steel price increase of 0. 2 to 0. 4 percent of the sort assumed in the ACTA study would have little effect on the costs of steel-consuming industries. He argues that if, for example, steels share of input costs is 20 percent and steel prices rise by 0. Percent, then (assuming no change in input mix) costs for the steel-consuming firm would increase by 0. 06 percent. Professor Houseman notes, This minor price increase would have almost no effect on demand, especially since demand price elasticity for most goods that use steel are not particularly high. In sum, Professor Houseman notes that a steel price increase of 0. 2 percent to 0. 4 percent would have almost no effect on U. S. Jobs or economic output. 8 The ASSAI goes further, saying, The ACTA and Crandall studies are totally lacking in credibility. They should not be taken seriously by anyone. 9 Ironically, many in the Bush administration argue that protecting American steel will benefit free trade. This is primarily for political reasons. One motive for supporting requires that Congress vote on a trade package without making amendments, allowing the administration to put a trade deal before Congress without it being picked apart line by line. Fast-track authority is considered essential for the administration to negotiate trade deals at the Doth round of international trade talks. The ASSAI argues that loss of the steel industry would have many other negative effects on the U. S. Economy. It contends that failure of the U. S. Steel industry would have a direct impact on Americas national security. It further argues that if the United States were to lose its domestic steel industry, downstream steel-using industries would be harmed, held hostage to the policies and practices of foreign producers who are practiced in the art of cartel behavior. The ASSAI Brink Lindsey, Daniel Griswold, and Aaron Lukas, The Steel Crisis and the Costs of Protectionism, Coat Institute Trade briefing paper, April 16, 1999. 7 Robert Blacker, Jobs at Risk: The Necessity of Effective Relief for the American Steel Industry, position paper, American University, Washington, D. C. 8 Jerry Houseman, Critique of ACTA Study, position paper, January 31, 2 002. 9 The Latest ACTA and Crandall Studies on the Costs and Benefits of Steel Trade Relief: Flawed Models, Biased Conclusions? Again! position paper, American Iron and Steel Institute, January 24, 2002. 4 goes on to say that loss of domestic steel would cause Americas technological leadership to suffer, damage the world environment, and hurt worldwide welfare. Potential Remedies There are several potential remedies the TIC could recommend to protect U. S. Steel. Tariffs and tariff rate quotas (TRY) would protect the steel industry by imposing duties on imported products. Tariffs are simply taxes, reducing imports indirectly by increasing a products price. You have heard from reliable sources that if the TIC commissioners decide to take action, they are considering tariffs in the range of 20 to 40 percent. Trust are tariffs that use a nonlinear taxation scheme to induce imports to remain below a certain level. Under a TRY, imports below some preset level enter the country at a lower tariff level while imports above the target threshold enter at a Quotas reduce imports by setting hard limits on the quantity of imported steel that can enter the country. One proposal has been to limit monthly steel imports from all nations to 1997 levels. These quotas would remain in effect for a period of three years. The imposition of quotas such as these would probably constitute a violation of the U. S. International trading commitments to the World Trade Organization (WTFO). Another possibility would be to negotiate voluntary export restraints, or Ever, with other countries. Under this approach, U. S. Negotiators attempt to persuade foreign overspent to reduce exports to the United States. Of course, EVER are generally not voluntary and also constitute another violation of WTFO rules. As part of its investigation, the TIC has called for opinions on remedy options from domestic and foreign producers. Exhibit 5 provides a summary of some of the recommendations for flat steel products. Discussion Questions What is your assessment of what the TIC should do? What factors should the TIC consider when making its decision? Do you believe that remedies are called for? If so, what sort of remedies would you impose: tariffs, quotas, or some other mechanism? To help you with your analysis, you are invited to work through the problems below. 1 . U. S. Anti-dumping law allows domestic producers to petition against imports sold below fair market value. Fair value is defined as the price in the home market or the cost of production plus some reasonable profit. The critical question is: what does this cost include? To help understand this point, consider the following simple costs for steel. The demand in Country I, when I run supply is: Is = O S = 60 for Pi 20 = 100 Pi and the short- That is, minimum PVC is 20 for all producers in each country, and capacity is fixed at 0. Assume that 40 is the minimum price necessary for firms to cover all fixed and variable costs. A. What is the competitive equilibrium in each market, assuming no trade is possible? B. Now suppose that demand in Country 1 falls to ODL = 70- Pl . Assuming no trade, what is the short and long run equilibrium in Country 1? C. What would the result be if demand falls as in (b), but trade was now permitted between the two countries? What is the new world market price, quantity sold, and imports and exports in each country? 2. Exhibit 6 and Exhibit 7 include data on quantity, revenue, demand, and supply elasticity for certain flat steel products. The TIC has recommended a tariff that would increase the average domestic price of plate steel by $5 per ton on plate steel, from $401. 36 to $406. 36 per ton. The data in Exhibit 7 show that 6,023,568 tons were shipped by domestic producers at the world price, while 6,974,335 tons were consumed. Use the data in Exhibits 6 and 7 to calculate the change in consumer and producer surplus on plate steel as a result of this policy. For simplicity sake, assume that domestic and foreign steel are perfect substitutes, and that all purchases of steel represent final demand. You may further assume that the demand and supply curves are linear. For demand and supply elasticity, use the midpoint of the ranges provided in Exhibit 6. 3. MIT economist Jerry Houseman said, This minor price increase [of 0. 2 percent to 0. 4 percent] would have almost no effect on demand, especially since demand price elasticity for most goods that use steel are not particularly high. This question will show why an inelastic demand curve implies that changes in steel prices have little impact on the quantity demanded in steel- consuming industries. Consider a supply curve Q = P and the demand curve Q = 100 6 a. What are the domestic price, supply, and demand assuming a closed market under which steel trade is not allowed? B. Now assume the world price is 30. What is the new domestic supply and demand at this price? What are total imports? What is the elasticity of demand at the world price? C. Suppose the U. S. Government imposes a tariff of 33. 33 percent on foreign imports. What are the domestic price, supply, and demand at the new price? What are total imports under this policy? How much does demand change under this policy and what is the dead weight loss? D. Now suppose demand is equal to Q = 75 P/6. Calculate domestic demand under he free trade and tariff policies. What is the elasticity of demand at the world price? How does the change in demand from a free trade to tariff environment compare to that in part (c)? What is the deadweight loss as a result of this policy, and how does it compare to part (c)? Can you explain the reason for the difference in answers in parts (c) and (d)? 4. A common argument made by U. S. Steel companies is that U. S. Steel producers are as efficient as foreign firms; however, foreign subsidies are creating an unfair playing field in the steel market. This question illustrates the effects that subsidies an have on the steel market, and how they can drive efficient producers out of the market over the long run. Again, consider two countries that face symmetrical demands and costs for steel. The demand in Country I, when I = 1,2, is Did = 1000 pip. All firms in both countries use identical production technologies; firms in both markets have cost functions C(Q) = 400 + Q, C(O) = 400, with MAC = Q. A. Find the long-run equilibrium in both markets under free trade. What are the long- run price, total quantity, and equilibrium number of firms in both markets? B. Now suppose Country 2 decides to subsidize its steel industry. It initiates a policy of paying domestic steel producers 10 for each unit produced, effectively lowering the marginal cost of production by 10. Assuming no world trade, what is the equilibrium price and quantity in each market? Excluding the effects of subsidies, what is the highest marginal cost of production found among firms in Country 1 and Country 2? C. If Country 2 follows the subsidy policy described in (b), what is the short-run equilibrium in the world market if free trade is permitted? Excluding the effects of subsidies, what is the highest marginal cost of production for firms in Country 2?

Wait Until Marriage for Sex Essay Example

Wait Until Marriage for Sex Essay Example Wait Until Marriage for Sex Essay Wait Until Marriage for Sex Essay Teenage Girls Should Wait Until Marriage to Have Sex Is sex worth waiting for until marriage? In today’s society sex is more prominent than being celibate. Even though sex entices a human being, there are still many consequences. Don’t put yourself in a dangerous situation that can be prevented. The intent of this paper is to help and persuade teenage girls to realize how much danger they could be putting themselves in by not waiting to have sex. The more sex you have before marriage, the greater risk you are in of getting an infection, damaging your relationship, and an unwanted pregnancy. Just imagine the risk of getting an infection. You are two steps close to getting a STD. Did you know you wouldn’t be able to have kids, depending on what STD you get? Sad part is it can cause birth defects and many other things to a baby and yourself. When you have your baby it could have a genetic disorder, this may also hinder your child’s learning. Also, you could get the disease from any other female they’ve had sex with. AIDS doesn’t discriminate either. Anyone can become infected by it. AIDS cause people to be more vulnerable to other diseases. Since it weakens your immune system, you’ll die from peripheral illnesses. More sex means more of risk! It has been long said that it could be damaging to relationships. If you’re having sex with that person before marriage you can get too emotionally attached. You don’t want to be that girl that stuck on the guy because he took your virginity and broke up with you, bad look. Secondly your self- esteem can be affected negatively and positively. By you waiting it gives you much more respect for yourself. If you don’t wait you’ve given away something so special in a thoughtless way. Few girls fail to realize that if gives you less meaning to your relationship and not abstaining from it won’t give you an investment of trust In final consideration you have unwanted pregnancies. Do you want the responsibility of being a parent? Children shouldn’t be born to teenage parents. The child is at greater risk for school failure. He or she may even grow up to become a teenage parent! Furthermore, birth control pills aren’t 100% effective in preventing a pregnancy. What girls forget is that birth control pills have to be taken at the same time, everyday. Birth control pills can also be affected by other medications. Certain antibiotics have been linked to reduce effectiveness in the pills. Also, condoms aren’t always a reliable prevention either! First off, they can easily break, depending on what kind or how you use it. Next, about 10 out of every 20 couples using condoms end up pregnant anyway within the first year. As you can see even with birth control and consistent condom use you are still at a major risk of producing a child. Virginity is a beautiful gift to be given, not an embarrassing label to be lost! Condoms aren’t always reliable, giving in could take over your relationship and a baby won’t make him stay. What you decide today determines what life will be like for you tomorrow. â€Å"Since I’ve already had sex it doesn’t matter what I do anymore. † Nothing could be more further from the truth! It may feel right, but you have no reason to be upset when you realize it was wrong. The only truly â€Å"safe sex† is to save sex until you are in lifelong, committed relationship: Marriage!

'Please answer me as soon as possible - Pragmatic failure in Essay

'Please answer me as soon as possible - Pragmatic failure in non-native speakers' email request to faculty' - Critical analysis - Essay Example nomidou-Kogetsidis states that such aspects of e-mail message as directness, the lack of greetings, and improper usage of titles and names are all aspects of an e-mail which convey to the recipient the perception of impoliteness. Imperatives are especially tricky in this regard, as the recipients invariably see imperatives, without modifiers, to be rude, even when accompanied with the word â€Å"please.† The way to modify imperatives, however, are to acknowledge the burden on the professors’ time. Such an example of this would be to say, instead of, â€Å"please give me the notes for the class I missed,† to say â€Å"if it is not a bother, and not too time-consuming, could you please send me the notes for the class that I missed.† Moreover, students used grounders most often as a way of modifying the message, and grounders are reasons why a student has to make the request (â€Å"I need notes for Thursday, as I had to take my sick grandmother to the hospit al that day†). Although Economidou-Kogetsidis states that there are alternative explanations for the students’ overall directness in composing the e-mails and lack of greetings, including the fact that Greek is different from English, that is most likely a function of young people to be direct and brief, and that the students are using avoidance strategies, Economidou-Kogetsidis states that the students should still learn the proper modes of e-mail communication to avoid pragmatic failure in the future. This piece of research fits into the larger research context in that it deals with pragmatics, and the field of pragmatics is the rubric under which this research falls. In particular, the study of pragmatics is the study of how a linguistic content of a statement and the context of its enunciation affect reasoners inferences and interpretation of what is said (Oaksford & Chater, 2010, p.. 233). A person may make pragmatic inferences based on lexical inferences, and lexical inferences are â€Å"the process by

Design of a Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design of a Project - Research Paper Example This makes them costly as the manufacturing process includes removal of impurities. The spherical solar cells are silicon spherical cells that are repeatedly melted and fused with low-purity metals. The spheres are made by using the surface tension in a zero-gravity environment. This makes them relatively expensive to produce. However research has suggested that the spherical solar cells have certain benefits over the simple planar cells. The most important of these advantages include the spherical directivity of such cells. Because of the spherical nature of the cells, there is no directivity of light in case of spherical solar cells and lights from all directions including reflected and scattered light (Nakata, 2001). However there has been no quantitative analysis of this proposition. This paper aims at doing the same. The light-receiving characteristics of a spherical solar cell will be evaluated through a geometrical model. This will include the analysis of the characteristics of the light receiving properties of spherical solar cells, along with a comparison of the planar cells. Based on the comparison, advantages and disadvantages of each type will be evaluated. As can be seen from the figure 3, L1 is incident perpendicularly to the surface while L2 does not strike the surface in a perpendicular fashion. Since a unit cell is having a very small effective area, every point on the cell will have directivity with respect to the incident light. On the basis of this, the effective area of the entire cell can be calculated: Based on the available literature, and the model described, it can be assumed that there is no directivity in unit cells. The author also expects that the power generated in spherical cells is much more than simple planar cells. The author expects to conduct experiment trails to validate these assumptions. Based on the theoretical framework described above, the methodology will try to assess the effective area of

Significant Impacts Of Iron Smelting Environmental Sciences Essay

Significant Impacts Of Iron Smelting Environmental Sciences Essay After having a clear idea about the project and its effects according to my considerations the following impacts are very important. The impacts are listed in the order of their importance:- AIR QUALITY The air pollution that will be caused by the plants is the biggest issue to be considered. The coke making process involved is responsible for large amount of VOCs (Volatile organic compounds) and carbon monoxide emissions. Further the working of blast furnace and the processes of casting and rolling are responsible for significant releases of nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides. The use of heavy diesel equipments, generators and vehicle movement will also contribute to air pollution. As the region experiences moderate winds the pollutants will be carried to the surrounding areas increasing the pollution to a large extent. It will adversely affect the local vegetation, surrounding grasslands and the native assai palm trees. The local temperature will also increase due to the industrial activity and decrease in vegetation. The greatest risk is on the local population which is already facing health problems and the cattle farming in the surrounding areas. The mitigation measures to be u sed for controlling the air pollution are not adequate for such a large project and require reconsideration. Classification of impact: LT, IR, D,(-), L and R. WATER QUALITY The Pequia River is the main source of water for the local population for drinking, cooking and other recreational activities. The waste water generated from the plants have large amount of contaminants, that require effective removal and treatment before it is disposed into the water body. The water quality of the Piquia River will be affected by the disposal of high temperature waste water from the ovens containing large amount of chemical compounds discharged into it. The soil in the area is permeable and has good drainage properties. These characteristics will allow the flow of solid wastes dumped at a site to flow into the ground water and the river along with the rain water. Thus, contaminating the ground water and the river water. No proper measures have been observed in the plan for calculating the quantity of waste water that will be discharged into the river. Moreover, it is being assumed that the palm trees on the river are good purifiers but they wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be affective if the pollution will be of such a large extent. Classification of impact: LT, IR, D, (-) and L. HEALTH OF LOCAL POPULATION The health problems caused by the iron smelting plant are inevitable. The emission of poisonous gases like nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide, carbon monoxide etc poses a serious threat to the health of the people of Pequia. These gases can cause many problems like asthma, skin infection, damage to eyes and even cancer in some cases. Fine particles suspended in the air in the vicinity of the plant can cause respiratory problems to the workers. The area covered by air pollution will increase if the winds start blowing thus affecting even more population in the surrounding areas. The noise and vibrations caused by the heavy machinery can cause hearing problems if proper measures are not taken by the workers. Moreover, the mitigation measures like using tree belt as a sound barrier is not effective in case of such a large industry. The Pequia village is already facing problems regarding health due to contamination of the water which will be further aggravated due to disposal of waste water c ontaining fine ore and charcoal into the river. There will always be a danger of accident at the plant and it can cause unpredictable impact on the population surrounding it. Classification of impact: LT, R, D, (-) and L. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT Due to the growing demand of the iron both the plants are designed to produce pig-iron for the steel plants and foundries. The initial estimate is to produce 50,000 tons per year with a future plan to expand it to 100,000 tons per year. The primary objective of the plants is to export the pig iron to the international market, with national steel plants consuming a great part of the production. This will help to improve the economy of the country and the boost the industrial development of the area. As stated in the document industrial development in the area is the major goal of the Federal Government and is a part of a collaborative effort by the Carajas railway and Carajas mining project. The plants will draw in some new industry in the surrounding area and help in creation of more jobs. But this proposal can be shifted to some other site where it will bring the same industrial development but will have less severe impacts on the local habitat and the environment. Classification of impact: LT, IR, D and ID, (+), L and R. INCREASE JOB DEMAND The development of the iron smelting plants in the area will create a large number of jobs for the local and the regional population and he people will be involved both directly and indirectly. According to the plan each plant will employ 200 workers from the village and specialized training will be given. It will help to improve the living standards of the population which otherwise earn their living by commerce of milk, small shops and some odd jobs. But this will not be a very significant impact compared to the above impacts because only a small section of the population will be employed. The majority of population will still deal with cattle farming and vegetation and these will be adversely affected by the industrial plants. Classification of impact: LT, D and ID, IR, (+), L and R. To conclude, the project will have severe adverse effects on the environment of the area and will degrade the air quality and the quality of water in the Pequia River. The emissions are more severe than what is predicted in the plan and measures taken are not adequate. Moreover, the proposal does not include any effective mitigation measures for the noise pollution control and waste material that will be added to the river. So, the plant should not come up at the proposed location and a new site should be proposed where it will have less severe environmental impacts.

Financial Institutions Essay

The best financial institution for the high debt and high income professionals looking to obtain insurance and investment advice and services is a financial planning services company such as Ameriprise Financial. Financial planning looks at life events and life goals such as retirement and estate planning and offers advice and provides products to help meet those goals. Many financial planning services companies also offer loans and deposit banking accounts. Generally one representative who is licensed to sell insurance, investments, and loans will work with this couple throughout their relationship with the company. The representative’s goal is to periodically review changes in life events and modify the couple’s insurance and investment portfolio to meet their changing goals and objectives. For this couple, the representative may suggest a product that combines insurance and investment such as an annuity or universal life insurance. The couple can establish a relationship with a financial services firm in a local branch or through an interactive website maintained by the company. In some cases the bank that they are already established with may have a financial planning division that they can access in the local branch or through the bank website. Scenario B The best financial institution for a student looking to establish a checking or saving account, establish credit, and develop a relationship with a financial institution should consider a credit union. A credit union is similar to a bank in that it offers deposit accounts and loan programs, but differs from banks in that credit unions are non-profit organizations that are owned and operated by members as opposed to being owned by stockholders and operated by executive boards. Credit unions generally offer higher interest rates on savings accounts, lower fees on checking accounts, and lower interest rates on loans and credit cards. Credit union membership is generally tied to an organization such as a labor union, many large corporations have employee credit unions, some churches or communities have credit unions for members. This student can establish a credit union relationship through parents or may become employed in a local business that offers credit union membership as an employee benefit. Organizations like the Credit Union National Association provides resources and information for consumers. Scenario C The best financial institution for a small business owner who needs multiple deposit and checking accounts, investment services, and access to branches in other cities should consider a national bank such as Bank of America that has branches nationwide as well as online account access. Bank of America, and similar national banks, offer online payroll processing, credit card processing for retailers, and provide businesses with the option of importing bank statement information into popular accounting software formats such as Quicken, QuickBooks, and Microsoft Money. National banks have departments dedicated to small business lending and offer various types of Small Business Administration (SBA) loans. They also have services to meet the needs of specialty industries including financing and leasing partnerships with auto dealers. The business owner can establish a relationship with a banking professional at a local branch or can establish accounts online. National banks generally have extensive, interactive websites which provide information and guidance on establishing the business banking relationship. References Ameriprise Financial. Financial planning advice and financial advisors. Retrieved March 11, 2009, from http://www. ameriprise. com/default-home . asp Bank of America. Small business loans, payroll services & other small business services. Retrieved March 11, 2009, from https://www. bankofamerica. com/smallbus iness/index. jsp Credit Union National Association, Consumer Info. America’s credit unions: where people are worth more than money. Retrieved March 11, 2009, from http://www. creditunion. coop/what_is_a_ cu. html

Ikea Invades America Essay

Founded in 1943 by a poor Swedish farmer named Ingvar Kamprad, IKEA is now one of the largest furniture retailers in the world. From its inception, Kamprad wanted to create cheap, quality furniture that everyone could afford. That formula led to IKEA’s early success in Sweden and has carried over until today. To its customers, IKEA is not just a store but a way of life, which may be evident through the cult-like following the company has achieved. When talking about the four P’s of marketing (product, price, place, promotion), there are few companies in the world that have mastered this concept better than IKEA. IKEA has been able to recognize the demands of its shoppers and create compelling products that meet those demands at a reasonable price. Its products are sold at unique stores that serve strategically important, geographic markets. This paper examines the factors that have made IKEA such a big success and offers some recommendations for future growth in the United States. Today, IKEA has over 240 stores in 35 countries and has revenues of over $26 billion. Its revenues double every 5-6 years and the company is now expanding to growing markets like China, Japan, and Brazil. The future of IKEA looks brighter than ever. For a brief snapshot of IKEA’s current sales around the world see Appendix 1. In 1985, IKEA decided to invade America. Faced with this early failure, IKEA retooled its furniture to fit American tastes. IKEA soon became the fastest growing furniture retailer and the 14th largest furniture retailer overall in the United States. IKEA executives needed to find a balance of how to create new furniture offerings without losing its unique design and corporate soul. By examining IKEA’s marketing strategy and answering a series of four questions, we have developed recommendations (see Appendix 2) that we think will lead to IKEA’s continued growth and success. 1) What are some of the ways that furniture retailers have sought to overcome these purchase obstacles? : a) identifying a product that consumers like, b) visualizing the product in the consumer’s home, and c) getting the product in the consumer’s home? In furniture sales, there are two general strategies: the low-end and the high-end. The low-end offers cheap, utilitarian furniture that is dreary looking. Cheap furniture is marketed to people such as college students who have a small budget. The cheap furniture is also displayed in poorly lit showrooms that offer little to no customer service. High-end furniture stores compete on quality and service. The high-end offers a large selection in each style and sub-style of furniture, which results in the showroom having a large inventory. The broad, variety strategy virtually guarantees that a customer’s preferred style will be available. The high-end stores also have high touch sales associates to help customers with product selection and furniture measurement. Sales associates are trained to educate their customers; such as explaining the life spans of different materials. They also reassure customers that their furniture will last a life time. Visualizing a piece of furniture in a person’s home can be very difficult. The high-end furniture stores have beautiful showrooms that are elaborately decorated to help the customer visualize where they can place new furniture or how they can redecorate their home. High-end stores also offer interior design services. Most retailers offer credit to make high-end furniture more affordable. All retailers offer home delivery, sometimes free, to make the transition as painless as possible for the customer. As an added bonus, retailers offer to assemble the furniture in the customer’s home. Sometimes, delivering the furniture also involves rearranging furniture, as well as removing and discarding old furniture. Providing these services makes the purchase of new furniture an easy and worry-free process. 2) Explain IKEA’s reverse positioning strategy. IKEA created a matrix used to prioritize product lineup and price. (See Appendix 3) Primarily the matrix is used to set a target retail price and select a product style. With the matrix system, IKEA is able to identify product line opportunities and gaps; creating a well rounded store. IKEA has avoided the image of the low end furniture store by displaying furniture in brightly lit showrooms. These showrooms help customers envision how the furniture interacts with the allotted space. Plus color coordinated cards provide design tips and information kiosks are on hand to help customers. All of these features reinforce IKEA’s self service ethos without making the customer feel abandoned. In IKEA’s case, the firm rejected the standard business models for both high-end and low-end furniture stores. IKEA’s furniture is composed of cheaper parts that are not visible and are not under high stress through use and a higher quality material is used for the visible parts or parts under high stress. This gives IKEA’s furniture a higher end look while keeping their costs low. IKEA’s reverse positioning kept prices low, while eliminating many services thought essential to a higher-end store. The company replaced them with unique services for its category: a bright, inviting showroom, furniture that was attractively designed, a child care center, a restaurant serving Swedish meatballs, and brightly colored house wares and clever toys. As a result, IKEA successfully avoided the feel of the low-end retailers, and customers â€Å"find the IKEA shopping experience to be immensely appealing (Moon, â€Å"IKEA Invades America,† 5). 3) What are some of the various product/service attributes that IKEA has chosen to withhold from its customers? IKEA seems to incorporate a hybrid strategy focusing on both cost and differentiation. IKEA attempts to price in the low to midrange category. IKEA does not build its furniture to last a lifetime, which in-fact flows well with its ad campaigns focused on letting go of the semimetal value Americans often place on furniture. IKEA products are known for falling apart after a few years; however, its customers are typically satisfied with the look, functionality, and affordability of IKEA products (Moon, 2004, p. 5). Its focus is on cost-efficiency, so the company uses higher-quality materials on visible surfaces and lower-quality materials elsewhere. High-end stores compete on quality and â€Å"high touch† experience and selection. Nearly all types of furniture stores offer delivery services. However, IKEA successfully eliminated many of these attributes. IKEA products are designed to be transported unassembled in flat boxes, which keeps shipping costs low and prevents IKEA from having to deliver/assemble furniture for customers (Moon, 2004, p. ). Customers are responsible for transportation of their furniture and assembly of their furniture. Although this step may seem like its decreasing the consumer experience/perceived product value; it’s actually keeping the customer involvement level high. Moreover, the competitive pricing offered at IKEA is attributed to letting customer build their own furniture, which keeps costs to a minimum. Formerly, IKEA only produced a few different designs; however, this has changed in recent years. In order to be consistent with IKEA’s self-service ethos and to keep costs low, the ratio of sales assistants to customers is kept low. The low number of sales associates can have a negative effect on the consumer experience. To handle furniture questions, customers are provided with product descriptions and measuring tape so they can make their own measurements. 4) What are some of the areas that IKEA has managed to achieve cost efficiency by implementing a number of firm-specific operation processes? A number of cost effective operating processes have been implemented by IKEA. In furniture design, IKEA engineers often select cheaper/low quality materials for less visible areas that experience minimal stress and expensive materials for visible areas that undergo stress. This aids IKEA in producing durable, good-quality products at low costs. IKEA has worked with over 1,800 suppliers in over 50 countries and often uses suppliers from developing countries. To keep costs down, IKEA usually purchases in bulk and often orders various components of a given product from different suppliers. IKEA is strict with employees about waste; it enforces minimal travel budgets and requires them to save electricity. IKEA keeps a small staff in stores and provides self-serve trolleys to aid consumers in loading their vehicles. Typical furniture retailers require a larger staff and/or incur shipping costs for delivery of their bulky, already assembled products. Flat packaging allows IKEA customers to transport their purchases home and eliminates the expense of home delivery. IKEA’s flat packaging strategy is another firm specific operating process. The strategy was inspired by an employee who, in 1955, removed the legs off a table to fit it into a customer’s car. This strategy requires designers to keep in mind the amount of space their products take up in their unassembled form. Flat packaging also helps prevent damage to the products during the shipping process. IKEA will often redesign their products multiple times to achieve space optimization and reduce shipping costs. Space optimization typically lowers prices for consumers; however, it may lengthen the assembly process. IKEA should continue to incorporate cost cutting activities across the board so long as the consumer experience remains positive.

Lab Experiment Physics Chemistry - 1031 Words

Lauren Taylor DeJohn, Heather Poole, Adelia Wright, Ellie Casey, Kate White Taylor Masson Chemistry Honors- 07 October 29 2014 Chemistry Honors Lab 1: Measurements Theory The overall objective of this lab experiment is to learn about measurements. Most to all experiments and labs require some form of measurements. Because there are many various kinds of measurements, it is important to be aware of the different factors of each measurement involved with the current lab experiment. It is also important to have a general understanding of them because they will need to be used in calculations for the lab. Precision and accuracy will be used most in this lab. A knowledge of the following†¦show more content†¦When calculating measurements in experiments, it is vital that one will accurately measure the quantities that are given to you. This goal can be easily accomplished by testing the following hypothesis: If a rock is dropped into a graduated cylinder that if full of water, the rock will push aside an amount of water that is equal to its volume. This will cause the water level to rise. The volume of the rock will be equal to the volume of the water with the rock in it, minus the volume of the water without the rock included. Materials Used Water Rocks Graduated Cylinders Beakers Pipets Balance Procedure --- Part A --- Reading and recording volume from a graduated cylinder 1. Find the graduated cylinder that already contains water. 2. Read and record the maximum capacity of volume for your specified cylinder. 3. Read and record the amount of water in the cylinder. Don t forget to look at the bottom of the meniscus for your recording. Procedure --- Part B --- Filling graduated cylinders with specified amounts of liquid 1. Find an empty graduated cylinder 2. Using the beaker containing clear water, fill your graduated cylinder to the specified amount below 3. If your cylinder is a 250 mL cylinder, then fill it with 100 mL 4. If your cylinder is smaller, then fill it with 50 mL 5. Next, use a pipet to add 2 more mL to your graduated cylinder.